玉米品种龙博士7号选育报告

龙博士7号是以自选系JS102为母本、自选系KZ-310为父本组配杂交而成的玉米优良杂交种;2012—2014年参加甘肃省中晚熟高密B组玉米区试,3 a 15点(次)产量为15 325.5～16 528.5 kg/hm2,平均15 992.5 kg/hm2,增产幅度为3.1%～7.8%。该品种具有耐密性、丰产性,适应性、抗病抗逆能力强,耐病虫害等特点,适宜在甘肃省及西北同类春播玉米区广泛种植。     

不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与土壤和植株养分的关系

【目的】 研究不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与不同时期枣园土壤和植株养分的关系,为南疆红枣高产提供土壤管理的理论依据。【方法】 选取南疆高中低3种不同产量水平的枣园为研究对象,采用田间试验,研究不同时期不同产量水平下枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮与不同土层和植株氮、磷、钾养分含量之间的关系。【结果】 土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量随着土壤深度的增加逐渐降低,而速效钾含量逐渐升高。土壤微生物量碳(MBC)和土壤微生物量氮(MBD)含量之间呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.836 7;土壤微生物量碳与骏枣展叶期0~20 cm土层速效钾含量呈显著正相关,与果实膨大期20~40 cm土层速效钾含量呈显著正相关关系。【结论】 枣园土壤微生物量碳、氮及各养分含量均保持在良好水平,土壤养分及植株养分能对微生物量碳、氮产生显著影响。     

塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土阳离子交换量分布特征及影响因素

【目的】研究塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC的分布状况及影响因素。 了解不同类型盐土土壤特性及肥力状况,为新疆南疆干旱区盐土改良利用提供理论依据。【方法】以阿拉尔绿洲草甸盐土(MeS)、沼泽盐土(MaS)、残余盐土(ReS)、洪积盐土(PrS)、棕漠林盐土(DeS)5种典型盐土为对象,研究该流域不同类型盐土阳离子交换量(CEC)的剖面分布规律,分析盐土CEC的影响因素,并利用灰色关联法对盐土CEC与土壤理化性质之间的关系进行了量化。【结果】该区盐土CEC在2.02～25.54 cmol/kg,平均值为12.39 cmol/kg,CEC随剖面深度的变化规律各类型盐土有所不同,不同类型盐土CEC大小依次为MeS> ReS > DeS > PrS > MaS。粘粒是干旱区盐土CEC的主要来源;pH、CaCO₃、盐基总量(TEB)和碱化度(BSP)与盐土CEC呈极显著正相关,是盐土CEC的主要影响因素,其中CaCO₃对盐土CEC的贡献不容忽视;盐土有机质(SOM)含量极低,对盐土CEC未表现出显著性影响;交换性钙饱和度(CaSP)、交换性镁饱和度(MgSP)及交换性钾饱和度(KSP)对盐土CEC有显著的抑制作用。【结论】塔里木河上游棉区不同类型盐土CEC有显著差异,不同类型盐土保肥、供肥及缓冲性能不同。pH、CaCO₃、TEB和ESP是CEC主要贡献因子,SOM对盐土CEC无显著的影响。     

西洋参种子物理特性试验

为获得气吸式西洋参排种器的设计参数，以威海文登地区普遍种植的西洋参种子为研究对象，对已催芽和未催芽西洋参种子的三轴几何尺寸、千粒质量、休止角和滑动摩擦角进行试验测试，分析了不同含水率条件下西洋参种子各项物理参数的变化规律。结果表明，含水率为7.46%的未催芽西洋参种子平均三轴尺寸为5.84 mm×4.97 mm×2.77 mm，平均千粒质量为32.79 g，休止角为36.44°，滑动摩擦角（塑料、铝和不锈钢）为21.2°、25.8°和19.2°。含水率为46.67%的已催芽西洋参种子平均三轴尺寸为6.31 mm×6.12 mm×3.95 mm，平均千粒质量为60.21 g，休止角为45.42°，滑动摩擦角（塑料、铝和不锈钢）为26.7°、27.5°和25.1°。      

不同宿主源弓形虫ROP16基因的遗传变异分析

为研究不同分离株弓形虫棒状体蛋白ROP16基因的遗传变异，扩增9种不同来源的弓形虫样品的ROP16基因，并对其序列进行比对及构建进化树的分析。结果表明，弓形虫不同分离株ROP16序列的同源性均在990%以上，但存在限制性位点多态性；用弓形虫ROP16作为PCR-RFLP的标记分子，未能鉴别出传统的弓形虫Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型，却鉴定出一株特殊的猪源弓形虫分离株。弓形虫ROP16基因的株间保守性提示其是一个用于预防弓形虫病的潜在疫苗候选分子，值得对其进行深入研究。     

Pyroptosis mediates high glucose-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts

AIM To investigate whether pyroptosis contributes to the inflammation and injury in mouse embryonic osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 induced by high glucose (HG; 45 mmol/L glucose). METHODS The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (CASP1) were determined by Western blot. The secretion levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining followed by photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the ALP kit, and the number of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS After the MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with HG for 24 h, the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and CASP1, and the secretion levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly increased. The decrease in cell viability, and the increases in ROS generation and MMP loss were also observed. Moreover, the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were inhibited, evidenced by decreases in both ALP activity and mineralized nodule number. Knockdown of CASP1 by siRNA attenuated the HG-induced osteoblast inflammation and injury mentioned above. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis mediates HG-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.     

有机肥配施生物刺激素对土壤微生物和番茄生长及产量的影响

探讨有机肥配施生物刺激素对土壤微生物、植株长势及产量的影响,为植物生长提供优化的施肥方案。以番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为试验材料,田间小区试验采用随机区组设计,设置4个处理,分别为对照(CK)、细沙配施0.1%生物刺激素、福邦5%有机肥、福邦5%有机肥配施0.1%生物刺激素。检测了各试验小区土壤微生物的变化情况、番茄植株的长势和产量等数据,统计分析了各处理间差异。结果表明,5%有机肥配施0.1%生物刺激素处理能显著提高土壤中真菌、细菌、放线菌的数量;番茄植株的长势、产量明显高于其他3个处理。由此可知,5%有机肥配施0.1%生物刺激素能够显著提高土壤有益微生物种群,促进植物生长,既能提高蔬菜产量,又能改善品质。     

绿豆生产者风险偏好影响因素实证分析

为保持绿豆生产的可持续发展,稳定绿豆生产者的风险态度,使其在生产中降低风险投入的同时增加生产效益,利用黑龙江省213户绿豆生产者的调研数据,运用有序Probit模型对黑龙江省绿豆生产者风险偏好的影响因素进行分析。结果表明:从事绿豆种植年限、绿豆市场价格、退休后继续从事绿豆种植、主粮(玉米、大豆、水稻)种植面积占比增加均对不同程度的风险态度有影响。为稳定生产者的风险态度,提出了提高生产者们对绿豆种植风险的意识水平,多渠道加强培训;鼓励达到退休年龄的生产者继续从事绿豆种植;建议国家农业相关部门提高对主要粮食作物的补贴或惠民政策标准及价格的调控等建议。     

Study on Drug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken and Swine in Organic Farm

To determine the drug resistance of E.coli strains from swine and chicken in organic farm,collection of stool specimens was conducted in one organic farm in Conghua city,Guangdong province in 2014,in which 118 E.coli strains were separated,including 55 from chicken and 63 from swine.The sensitivity of the E.coli strains from swine and chicken to 18 kinds of drugs was detected through agar dilution method.Similar properties in drug resistance were observed both in E.coli strains from swine and chicken in the same organic farm.In consideration of the resistance rate,samples were relatively sensitive to ceftazidime,cefquinome,cefoxitin,amikacin,apramycin,gentamicin,neomycin,florfenicol,chloramphenicol,imipenem,ciprofloxacin and olaquindox (chicken 0 to 21.8%;swine 0 to 14.3%).These isolates showed moderate resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin (chicken 29.1% to 38.2%;swine 23.8% to 27.0%).About 56.4% chicken isolates and 47.6% swine isolates showed resistant to more than 3 kinds of drugs.However,severe resistance was observed in trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole,tetracyclineand and doxycycline (chicken 45.5%,76.4% and 72.7%;swine 50.8%,81.0% and 68.3%).The results also indicated that under organic farming mode,the drug resistance rates of E.coli strains from swine and chicken were relatively low in general.Multi-drug resistance existed but was relatively slight.Although the drug resistance rate to several specific antimicrobials was high,it was still lower than that in conventional farms.Since most studies focused on the drug resistance of the bacteria under conventional farming model,this study filled the blank of the research of drug resistance under organic farming model.